The weighing records of 18 crossbred females with average live weight of 14. 7 ± 3. 14 kg were analyzed to study the relationship of the growth of crossbred hair sheep with some zoometric measures. The weight was established and took the measures thoracic perimeter, cannon perimeter, body length, neck length, hip am-plitude, ischial amplitude, withers height and croup height. All parameters were stated as cm. Within 60 days of the initial weighing and taken the zoometric measures, ANIMALs were weighed again and the average daily gain was estimated. The correlation coefficients of initial body weight with zoometric measures were high (r>0. 7) and the highest of average daily gain were with thoracic perimeter (r=0. 41) and body length (r=0. 34), to the remaining variables the coefficients were below 0. 3. According to Akaike information crite-rion the best fit model to describe the growth was, average daily gain (ADG) (g/d)= 3. 3 × thoracic perimeter (PT)-44. 4 × perimeter cane (PC) + 5. 4 × body length (LCO) + 5. 6 × amplitude hip (AC)-3. 3 × height at the croup (ALG) (R2=0. 92, Akaike information criterion (AIC)=96. 8; P<0. 05). The zoometric measures relate to the growth, proving to be a tool for information about the growth potential of crossbred lambs.

Problem Definition: Petroglyph (Rock Carving) is one of the most common ways of expressing and conveying the message of societies, which is reflected in stone-rock panels. The abundance of these works in most areas of the Iranian plateau causes more efforts to explore them. In the meantime, Lorestan province in Zagros is one of the special regions in presenting this type of artistic representation in the pictograph style,Therefore, in this research, the executive structure and MORPHOLOGY of ANIMAL motifs in the pictographs of Lorestan province in two cities of Kuhdasht and Poldokhtar have been investigated. The question is: «What is the executive structure, design, visual features, and theme of ANIMAL motifs in the pictographs of Lorestan province? » Objective: This research aims to investigate the visual characteristics, thematic perception, and narrative scenes of ANIMAL motifs in the pictographs of Lorestan province. Research Method: This research is conducted using descriptive-analytical and comparative methods and the data collection is done by field-, laboratory-, and library-based procedures. Results: Sixty-three ANIMAL motifs (horse, ibex, camel, deer, and dog) were identified. The drawing style of the characters is mainly realistic and with no background, and sometimes, (ibex and dog) an abstract style has been used. All motifs lack volume and perspective as well as failure to observe proportions can be seen in some motifs. Motifs are drawn with red, black, and orange colors on the surface of the stone, with no contrast. Based on laboratory studies, the color used in creating the motif elements is a combination of Iron Oxide II and III. From a comparative point of view, the motifs in question are similar to the petroglyphs of the Iranian plateau (Zagros) only in terms of the type of pattern (merely the pattern, not the nature of the pattern). Finally, by examining the ANIMAL motifs in Lorestan province, the importance of these ANIMALs in the lives of the people living in this land and a general understanding of their lifestyle can also be obtained.

Introduction: There are about two millions of wounds caused by mammal biting annually. In our country, the current trend in the increasing cases of people bitten by ANIMALs remains of prime importance from sanitary-economic point of view. This study was carried out by determining and specifying the registered cases of ANIMAL biting for the last 3 years. The cases had referred to an anti rabies clinic in Mashhad. The present study tends to find out a more precise distribution rate of the disease in order to be able to have more efficacious plans and control in the community.Materials and Methods: Initially, all the files reflecting information about the patients who had referred to the anti-rabies clinic located in No. 2 Healthcare Center of Mashhad. The cases were studied separately for each year; i.e. the years of 1385 through 1387 HS. Then, based on the required data gathered. Distributive tables were made for each year. Results: According to the findings of the study, 3809, 3294 and 3535 cases were bitten by ANIMALs in different regions in Mashhad during the years of 1385, 1386 and 1387, respectively. The percentage of bitten cases aging in a range of 10-19 years old was more than the incidents in the other groups. Also, the number of bitten males was more than the bitten females. In addition, it was found that the quantity of biting cases in urban areas was more than those in the rural regions. The findings also indicate that the amount of cases that received partial treatment was more than those who had complete treatments. Furthermore, most of the cases were bitten by dogs and the upper and the lower limbs were the most affected parts of the body. Conclusion: During warm seasons, young males are at risk of biting.  After the incident, washing the wound with water and soap as well as rabies vaccination are recommended.

A survey on the MORPHOLOGY and biology of the elm leaf-mining moth Bucculatrix ulmifoliae was conducted under natural conditions. The developmental periods of 1th+2th, 3th, 4th and 5th larval instars as well as pupa were calculated as 6.40 ± 0.67, 1.76 ± 0.12, 1.92 ± 0.20, 3.51 ± 0.37, 9.61 ± 0.77 days, in a cage at field; and 6.40 ± 0.66, 1.50 ± 0.27, 1.78 ± 0.47, 2.71 ± 0.48, 7.64 ± 0.33 days at the laboratory (25 ± 2°C, RH 65 ± 5 and 16L: 8D hours) respectively. The average life span of the moth was obtained as 23.04 ± 1.02 days at the laboratory and 25.84 ± 0.91 days at the field. Adults of the first generation appeared in early April. The fertile females laid their eggs underside of leaves near the midribs. Upon hatching, the first instar larva penetrates directly via base of the egg into the leaf tissue and creates the mine. B. ulmifoliae had three generations of which the second generation showed its tendency for oviposition. Third generation was observed from the first half of August, and overwintering started at the first half of September. The first and second instars mined the leaf and fed inside, while the other instars fed externally on the underside. Bucculatrix ulmifoliae has three generations a year and overwintering as a pupa in a cocoon in the crevices of barks and fallen leaves on the ground.

In this research, pollen grains of ten species and two subspecies of the genus Hypericum in Iran belonging to four sections were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen grains are monad, isopolar to subisopolar and heteropolar, prolate, subprolate, spheroidal and prolate-spheroidal in shape, small to medium in size. The outline of pollen grains varies from round to triangular, quadrangular and ovate from polar view and elliptical, tetrahedral, quadrangular, round and ovate from equatorial view; 3 and 4 syncolporate to 3, 4 and 6 zonocolporate. Based on exine sculpturing, pore shape, size and muri thickness, the examined species are divided in two main types including scrobiculate and micro reticulate and 2 subtypes including small pore / thick muri and large pore / thin muri. The pores are arranged from irregular to regular-irregular with regular intervals. The current result revealed taxonomically important palynological data of the genus Hypericum. These traits can be used for infrageneric classification, especially at sectional and species levels.

Phylogenetic relationship and seed morphological characters of 11 species belong to Medicagoid Trigonella, six non Medicagoid and one species of each genera of Medicago and Melilotus were estimated before based on ITS sequences by using Baysian inference and maximum parsimony. In this paper, scanning Electron Microscope and stereomicroscope for seed morphological characters were used. Seed MORPHOLOGY results indicated that majority of Medicagoid Trigonella species belong to Bucerates and Lunatae sections placed in two close subclusters and joined together as did by Baysian analysis results. Both studies confirmed that Medicago radiata is sister for these species. Our results confirm that using molecular and morphological characters data are reliable evidence in systematic discriminations of the taxa.

Pollen MORPHOLOGY of 10 Allium L. taxa growing in Iran, representing three subgenera and six sections, were investigated via scanning electron microscopy. Pollen morphological characteristics indicated that pollen grains are monosulcate, heteropolar, and ellipsoidal. Polar axis revealed variation between 13. 84 and 20. 01 μ m while Equatorial axis ranged from 20. 4 to 42. 37 μ m. The forms of pollen grains were oblate, peroblate, and suboblate (mean of P/E ratio was 0. 43 to 0. 80). The aperture type and exine ornamentation were not homogeneous among the studied species. It was also observed that the sulcus extended from distal to proximal in two species of sect. Allium and one species of sect. Melanocrommyum. The exine was semitectate and the tectum was perforate. The variation in the main pollen characteristics in the investigated taxa allowed for recognizing two types of pollen grains in subg. Allium, Melanocrommyum and Amerallium: The first type had perforate rugulate trimming and high density of pollen perforations while the second type had perforate-striate-rugulate ornamentation and a low number of exine surface perforations.